317L Round Bar
DUPLEX FASTENERS

DUPLEX FASTENERS

ASTM A193 Duplex Steel Fasteners, Super Duplex Fasteners, Duplex Steel Industrial Fasteners, Super Duplex Bolts, Duplex Steel Washers, Super Duplex Anchor Fasteners, Duplex Steel Nuts, Super Duplex Screws, Duplex Steel Threaded Rods, Super Duplex Fasteners Manufacturer In World Wide

Super Duplex S32750 Heavy Hex Bolts, Duplex S32205 U Bolts, Super Duplex Stud Bolts, ASME Sa194 Duplex Steel Fasteners Exporter, Duplex Metric Threaded Rods, Duplex S31803 Hex Nuts, Duplex Fastener, Duplex 2205 Spring Washer, Duplex Wedge Type Anchor Bolts, Super Duplex S32760 Ogee Washers, Duplex Machine Screws, Super Duplex 2507 Socket Cap Screws, Duplex Steel Coupling Nuts, Super Duplex Fasteners Supplier  In World Wide

Detailed Information:

The Duplex Stainless Steel Fasteners manufacture from an alloy with high chromium content and a low to moderate amount of nickel. The high chromium content in the Duplex Stainless Steel Fasteners gives the fasteners high tensile strength, hardness, and toughness. 

As such, Duplex Stainless Steel Fasteners are less likely to get damaged, deformed, or dented due to their mixed yet balanced austenite and ferrite microstructure within the alloy. Fasteners made of duplex stainless steel also have excellent mechanical properties because their microstructures mix yet are flat, containing equal amounts of austenite and ferrite.

The increased strength of Duplex Steel Fasteners also has been attributed to the austenitic composition of the structure.

In contrast, these fasteners’ toughness referred to the microstructure’s ferritic composition. Due to the extremely high mechanical strength of the alloy, Duplex Fasteners Manufacturers can significantly reduce the weight of a design product by thinning the cross-section of the finished product, proving that this alloy is cost-effective compared to other stainless steel grades. Despite the weight reduction, the quality of the product has not been compromised.

Even with its weight reduction, the Duplex Stainless Steel Fasteners have excellent performance that matches the 300-grade stainless steel series.

Moreover, the alloys that make up Duplex Steel Fixings offer superior resistance to chlorine-related stress cracking. As well as being known as the standard duplex grade of stainless steel, these 2205 Duplex Bolts are also one of the most commonly used. The Duplex 2205 Fasteners are known for having properties that are in the mid-range. Still, compared to the standard austenitic grades of stainless steel, they have excellent resistance to corrosion than their austenitic counterparts.

A leading manufacturer of high-quality Duplex and Super Duplex Steel Fasteners, RatnaExports.com finds applications in a wide variety of industries and sectors around the world. There are many UNS S32205 Duplex Steel Fasteners applications, including various industrial and household applications. Preheating UNS S32760 Super Duplex Fasteners isn’t necessary apart from preventing compression on cold metal. 

Our company’s fasteners include S31803 Bolts, S32205 Nuts, S32760 Screws, S32750 Washers, and S32950 Studs, among others. The UNS S32750 Super Duplex Fasteners we carry are also highly welded. We also offer a range of Super Duplex S32950 Fasteners extensively used in shafts, press rolls, rotors, fans, automobiles, etc. It is our pleasure to provide you with a wide range of quality UNS S31803 Duplex Steel Fasteners designed to meet both the requirements of the national and international standards for quality raw materials. Our Super Duplex Fasteners can also produce in custom lengths and shapes per your specifications.

As a leading supplier of Duplex Fasteners, RatnaExports.com adheres to national and international standards to manufacture these Fasteners under the strict supervision of professionals. Using our latest state-of-the-art technology and the best-grade materials, we manufacture all of our ASTM A193 Duplex Steel Fasteners in our factory. Our company designs high-quality Duplex Fasteners of various wall thicknesses and diameters, including Round Duplex Fasteners, Rectangular Duplex Fasteners, Hollow Duplex Fasteners, and Square Duplex Fasteners. The raw materials that we use to manufacture these Super Duplex Bolts are primarily of very high quality, and we are also one of the leading suppliers of Hastelloy Fasteners.

Duplex Fasteners Specification

 

Duplex Fasteners Material Specification 2205 Duplex Bolts, UNS S31803 Bolts
Standard DIN, UNI, ISO, JIS, GB, IS, BS, ASME, ANSI, ASTM, and all International Standards
Duplex Fasteners/ Bolts Size M2, M2.5, M3, M4, M5, M6, M8, M10, M12, M14, M16, M20, M24, M30, M36 to M160
Length 3 mm to 200 mm
Duplex Bolts, Studs Threads: METRIC, BSW, BSF, UNC, UNF, or as required
Duplex Steel Fasteners Standard:

ANSI – American National Standards Institute

 

  • ANSI B 18.2.4 2M
  • ANSI B 18.2.4 1M
  • Duplex Steel, Stud Bolt length, is defined in ASME B16.5 standard
  • Duplex Steel Hex nuts defined in ASME B18.2.2
  • ASME B18.5

DIN: DIN 931, DIN 933, DIN 934, DIN 970

UTS – Unified Thread Standard: UNC, UNF, UNEF, UNS,

ISO – International Organization for Standardization: ISO 4032, ISO 4033, JIS standards

SCOPE OF MANUFACTURE
  • Hot Forged Duplex Fasteners, Nut / Bolt; up to M36 / 1-1/2” Dia, up to 1100mm long
  • CNC Machined Duplex Fasteners, Nut / Bolt; up to M100 / 4” Dia, up to 1500mm long
Duplex Fasteners in the form of: Hex, Square, Round, Threading as per Gauge Etc.
Head drive: Phillips, Slotted, Phillips/Slot, Six-Lobe, etc
Duplex bolting Test Certificate: Manufacturer Test Certificate as per EN 10204 / 3.1
Duplex Fasteners finishing:

Zinc (yellow, white, blue, black), black oxide,

Geometry, Dacroment, anodizing, nickel-plated, plated zinc-nickel, Duplex Steel: Passivated

Self-Colour, Hot Dip Galvanised (HDG), Bright Zinc Plated (BZP), Sherardized, Duplex Steel, Mechanically Applied coating, and some special ones like DACROMET

Production process M2-M24: Cold Forging, hot forging M24-M100, machining, and CNC for Customised connecting element
Duplex bolting materials Surface Coating:
  • Teflon Coated Fasteners
  • Phosphate Coated Fasteners
  • Zinc Coated Fasteners
  • PTFE Coated Duplex Steel Fasteners
  • Xylan Coated Fasteners
  • Cadmium Coated Fasteners
  • Hot Dipped Galvanizing Coated Fasteners

All surface finishes offered, including Geomet & PTFE, Galvanised, Zinc, Electroless Nickel, Sherardized, Dacromet

Popular Types of Duplex Steel Bolts Hex Bolts, Flange Bolts, Hex Head Bolts, Lag Bolts, Square Bolts, Eye Bolts, U Bolts, T Bolts, Countersunk Bolts, etc.
Popular Types of Duplex Steel Nuts Eye, Dome, Hex Head Nut, Panel, Lock, Coupling, Square, Acorn, T, Wing, etc.
Popular Types of Duplex Steel Screw Socket Set Fasteners, Anchor Fasteners, Blind Rivet, Threaded Fasteners, Socket Head Fasteners, Machine Fasteners, Concrete Fasteners, Shoulder Fasteners, Panel Fasteners, Hex Head Cap Fasteners, etc.
Popular Types of Duplex Steel Washers Machine Washers, Star Washers, Flat Washers, Lock Washers, Split Washers, Sealing Washers, etc.
Duplex Fasteners Packing: IN BULK: canton, pallet, Small Boxes/carton/pallet, or customer request

 

Duplex Fasteners Chemical Composition

 

Grade

C

Mn

Si

P

S

Cr

Mo

Ni

N

Fe

Duplex S31803

0.030 max

2.00 max

1.00 max

0.030 max

0.020 max

21.0 – 23.0

2.5 – 3.5

4.50 – 6.50

0.18 – 0.20

63.72 min

Duplex S32205

0.030 max

2.00 max

1.00 max

0.030 max

0.020 max

22.0 – 23.0

3.00 – 3.50

4.50 – 6.50

0.14 – 0.20

63.54 min

Duplex S32750

0.030 max

1.20 max

0.80 max

0.035 max

0.020 max

24.00 – 26.00

3.00 – 5.00

6.00 – 8.00

0.24 – 0.32

58.095 min

Duplex S32760

0.03 max

1.00 max

1.00 max

0.030 max

0.010 max

24.00 – 26.00

3.00 – 4.00

6.00 – 8.00

0.20 – 0.30

57.61 min

Duplex Fastener Mechanical Properties

 

Element

TENSILE STRENGTH  ( MPA) Min.

0.2 Per Yield    Strength (MPA) Min.

Elongation (%) Min.

Hardness            ( BHN) Max.

S31803 / S32205

620

448

25

290

S32750 / S32760

800

550

15

310

Equivalent Grades for Duplex Fasteners

STANDARD

UNS

WNR.

Duplex 2205

S31803 / S32205

1.4462

 

Dimensions Chart for Duplex Fasteners

 

Bolt Size

USS

SAE

OD (in.)

ID (in.)

Thickness

OD (in.)

ID (in.)

Thickness

1/8 (#6)

0.375

0.156

.036/.065

5/32 (#8)

0.438

0.188

.036/.065

3/16 (#10)

0.560

0.250

.036/.065

0.500

0.220

.036/.065

7/32 (#12)

0.562

0.250

.051/.080

1/4 (#14)

0.734

0.312

.051/.080

0.625

0.281

.051/.080

5/16

0.875

0.375

.064/.104

0.688

0.344

.051/.080

3/8

1.000

0.438

.064/.104

0.812

0.406

.051/.080

7/16

1.250

0.500

.064/.104

0.922

0.469

.051/.080

1/2

1.375

0.562

.086/.132

1.062

0.531

.074/.121

9/16

1.469

0.625

.086/.132

1.156

0.594

.074/.121

5/8

1.750

0.688

.108/.160

1.312

0.656

.074/.121

3/4

2.000

0.812

.122/.177

1.469

0.812

.108/.160

7/8

2.250

0.938

.136/.192

1.750

0.938

.108/.160

1

2.500

1.062

.136/.192

2.000

1.062

.108/.160

1 1/8

2.750

1.250

.136/.192

2.250

1.250

.108/.160

1 1/4

3.000

1.375

.136/.192

2.500

1.375

.136/.192

1 3/8

3.250

1.500

.153/.213

2.750

1.500

.136/.213

1 1/2

3.500

1.625

.153/.213

3.000

1.625

.153/.213

1 5/8

3.750

1.750

.153/.213

1 3/4

4.000

1.875

.153/.213

1 7/8

4.250

2.000

.153/.213

2

4.500

2.125

.153/.213

2 1/4

4.750

2.375

.320/.248

2 1/2

5.000

2.625

.210/.280

2 3/4

5.250

2.875

.228/.410S

3

5.500

3.125

.249/.327

Size Chart for Duplex Fasteners

 

Fasteners Type SIZE GRADE ASME ISO ASTM
Socket Head Cap Fasteners M1.6 to M64 12.9 B18.3.1 M 4762 A574M
Socket Low Head Cap Fasteners M4 to M20 10.9      
Socket Head Shoulder Fasteners M6 to M24 12.9 B18.3.3M    
Countersunk Socket Head Fasteners M3 to M20 12.9 B18.3.5M 10642 F835M
Button Head Socket Fasteners M3 to M12 12.9 B18.3.4M 7380 F835M
Flange Button Head Socket Fasteners M3 to M10 12.9     F835M
Knurled Point Socket Set Fasteners M3 to M20 45H B18.3.6M 4029 F912M
Flat Point Socket Set Fasteners M6 to M12 45H B18.3.6M 4026 F912M
Point Socket Set Fasteners M3 to M20 45H B18.3.6M 4028 F912M
Cone Point Socket Set Fasteners M3 to M12 45H B18.3.6M 4027 F912M
Plain Point Socket Set Fasteners M3 to M20 45H B18.3.6M 4029 F912M
Taper Pressure Plug M8 to M22      

 

Duplex Fasteners Type SIZE PROPERTY CLASS TENSILE STRENGTH STANDARD
Duplex Hex Head Fasteners M4 to M80 10.9 1040N / mm2 min

ISO 4017 (Full Thread)

ISO 4014 (Half Thread)

 

Duplex Nuts Type SIZE PROPERTY CLASS STANDARD
Duplex Hex Nut M6 to M42 10 ISO 4032
Duplex Nylock Nut

M6 to M20 (Gr.8)

M10 to M24 (Gr.10)

8 & `10 DIN 982
Duplex Nylock Nut

M6 to M20 (Gr.8)

M10 to M24 (Gr.10)

8 & 10 DIN 985
Duplex Hex Weld Nut M6 to M12 8 DIN 929

 

Duplex Washers Type SIZE HARDNESS STANDARD
Square Section Spring Washer, Duplex 3mm to 39mm HV (430 to 530) DIN 7980
Flat Section Spring Washer, Duplex 3mm to 39mm HV (430 to 530) DIN 127 B
Hardened Washer, Duplex 12mm to 30mm HV (300 to 370) IS 2016
Hardened Steel Washer, Duplex 12mm to 56mm

Rockwell 26 to 45 (HDG)

Rockwell 38 to 45 (Coated)

ASTM F436M

Application of Duplex Fasteners

  •   Duplex Steel Threaded Rod used in Sea Water Equipment
  •  ASME SA479 Alloy F60 Bolts And Nuts used in Pharmaceuticals
  •  EN 1.4462 Duplex Steel Nuts used in Specialty Chemicals
  •  Duplex Bolts used in Spiral Welded tubes for burner pipes and flues
  •  ASME SA479 2205 Stud Bolts used in Petrochemicals
  •  Duplex Bolts used in Off-Shore Oil Drilling Companies
  •  Duplex Steel F60 Screws used in Gas Processing
  •  DIN 1.4462 Duplex Steel Fasteners used in Aircraft Exhaust Manifolds
  •  Duplex Steel 2205 Fasteners used in Pharmaceutical Equipment
  •  Alloy F60 Flat Washer used in Power Generation
  •  EN 1.4462 Duplex Steel Square Bolts used in Heat Exchangers

 

Countries We Export:

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua-Barbuda Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina-Faso, Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), Costa-Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia (Czech Republic), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini (fmr. “Swaziland”), Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine-State, Panama, Papua, New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Cities We Supply:

London, New-York, Paris, Moscow, Tokyo, Dubai, Singapore, Barcelona, Los-Angeles, Madrid Rome, Chicago, Toronto, San-Francisco, Abu-Dhabi, St-Petersburg, Amsterdam, Berlin Prague, Washington,Istanbul, Las-Vegas, Doha, Seoul, Sydney, Beijing,  Miami, Munich, Milan, San-Diego, Bangkok, Vienna, Dublin, Vancouver, Boston,  Zurich,  Melbourne, Budapest, Houston, Seattle, Montreal, Hong-Kong, Frankfurt, Sao-Paulo, Tel-Aviv, Copenhagen, Calgary, Orlando, Atlanta, Dallas, Hamburg, Osaka, Lisbon, Austin, Phoenix Naples, Oslo, Denver, Stockholm, Riyadh, Delhi, Buenos Aires, San-Jose, Brussels, Portland Philadelphia, Ottawa, Helsinki, Valencia, Brisbane, Warsaw, Minneapolis, Shanghai, Lyon, Adelaide, Edmonton, Marseille, Muscat, Athens, Stuttgart, Rio-De-Janeii, Baltimore, Auckland, Cologne, New-Orlean, Kuwait-City,  Kiev, Hanover, Perth, Minsk, Bucharest, Nashville, Dusseldorf, Manchester, Sacramento, Glasgow, Mexico-City, Salt-Lake-Ci, Raleigh, Cracow

GROUND-FINISHED MACHINED BARS 31803

GROUND-FINISHED MACHINED BARS 31803

Ground Finished Machined Bars 31803

Home 9 Category: Focus
Ground Finished Machined Bars 31803

S31803, UNS S31803, Ground Bars, DIN 1.4462 Round Bars, Ground Finished Machined UNS S31803 Rods, UNS S31803 Bars, UNS S31803 Hex Bars, SS JIS Nitronic 50 Bars, Nitronic 50 SS Bright Bars, UNS S31803 Round Bars Suppliers, UNS S31803 Round Bars Exporter, 

ASTM A276 Ground Finished Machined  Manufacturer, ASTM A479 UNS S31803 Round Bars Stockist, Ground Finished Machined UNS S31803 Forged Bars, UNS S31803 Black Bar, UNS S31803 Billets, UNS S31803 Square Bars, and UNS S31803 Flat Bars Manufacturer & Exporter

Detailed Information:

The ground machining of UNS31803 bars involves heat treatment or hot working. They are annealed after hot working. RatnaExports.com Cold working operations are conducted to eliminate brittleness and achieve the desired mechanical properties.

This alloy can be welded with all types of welding operations. Ground Machined UNS31803 Bars have high weldability. Additionally, these bars perform well in chemically contaminated environments, such as chlorides, halides, sulfuric acids, nitric acids, phosphoric acids, etc.

A ground machining UNS31803 bar is also well suited to local corrosive environments and can be used in halide and chloride-containing environments. It has excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion and stability at high temperatures without distortion or rupture.

Many of these are used in intergranular corrosive environments due to their alloying elements; their strength can also be increased in mild reducing environments due to their alloying elements.

This UNS31803 ground machining bar is available in two-state conditions, either tempered or quenched, and is designed to give exceptional welding characteristics. It is the most economical method of machining UNS31803, being strong, durable, and functional.

The specifications for ground-finished machined Bar 31803

Specification: ASTM/ASME A276, A479

Dimensions: ASTM, ASME, API

Size: 10mm to 100mm Diameter, 100mm to 6000mm Length

Form: Square, Round, Hexagonal (A/F), Rectangle, Wire (Coil Form), Wire Mesh, Billet, Ingot, Forging, etc.

Finish: Black, Bright, and Polish

 

Chemical Composition of Ground Finished Machined Bar 31803

Grade

C

Mn

Si

P

S

Cr

Mo

Ni

N

Fe

S31803

0.030 max

2.00 max

1.00 max

0.030 max

0.020 max

21.0 – 23.0

2.5 – 3.5

4.50 – 6.50

0.08 – 0.20

63.72 min

 

Mechanical Properties of Ground Finished Machined Bar 31803

Grades

Tensile Strength ( MPA) Min.

0.2 Yield Strength ( MPA) Min. 

Elongation     (%) Min.

Hardness      (BHN) Max.

S31803

620

450

25

290 BHN Max.

Ground Finished Machined Bar 31803 Equivalent Grades

STANDARD

WERKSTOFF NR.

UNS

Duplex S31803

1.4462

S31803

 

Assurance of quality

At The ground machining, UNS31803 bar and UNS31803 bar hex bars at RatnaExporter.com are subject to strict inspections throughout the process, starting with material purchase. We visually examine them for conformance to ASTM, ASME, DIN, EN, and JIS codes and standards. Appoint official certified Inspection Agencies upon request of our clients so they can witness the material reports, dimensions, and quality conformity of products.

Certificates of testing

We supply UNS S31803 Ground Bars with the following details Mill Test Certificate as per EN 10204 3.1, PMI Testing, Test Reports from NABL Approved Laboratories, 3.2 Certification by Third Party Inspection Agencies, Ultrasonic Test Reports, and X-Ray Reports. Our supplied ground machining UNS31803 bar also complies with NACE MR 0175 / 0103.

A ground machining application for UNS31803 bars

  • Tanks for chemicals
  • Industrie des pâtes et papiers
  • The Petrochemical Industry
  • Industries that generate electricity
  • The oil and gas industry
  • The desalination process
  • Architects and contractors
  • Equipment for food processing
  • Plants for producing biofuels
  • Ship and truck cargo tanks
  • Pumps, fans, centrifuges, and sulfur melting coils are used in the chemical industry.
  • Blower tanks, blow lines, and digesters in sulfate and sulfite plants

Packing & Marking

A ground machining UNS31803 bar is packaged to prevent damage during shipment. Ground machining UNS31803 bars are marked with Grade, Lot No, Size, and our trademark when exported; during standard export, the packaging is done in wooden cases. The purchaser can also request a special marking on our products.

Countries We Export:

Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua-Barbuda Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina-Faso, Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), Costa-Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia (Czech Republic), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini (fmr. “Swaziland”), Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine-State, Panama, Papua, New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

Cities We Supply:

London, New-York, Paris, Moscow, Tokyo, Dubai, Singapore, Barcelona, Los-Angeles, Madrid Rome, Chicago, Toronto, San-Francisco, Abu-Dhabi, St-Petersburg, Amsterdam, Berlin Prague, Washington,Istanbul, Las-Vegas, Doha, Seoul, Sydney, Beijing,  Miami, Munich, Milan, San-Diego, Bangkok, Vienna, Dublin, Vancouver, Boston,  Zurich,  Melbourne, Budapest, Houston, Seattle, Montreal, Hong-Kong, Frankfurt, Sao-Paulo, Tel-Aviv, Copenhagen, Calgary, Orlando, Atlanta, Dallas, Hamburg, Osaka, Lisbon, Austin, Phoenix Naples, Oslo, Denver, Stockholm, Riyadh, Delhi, Buenos Aires, San-Jose, Brussels, Portland Philadelphia, Ottawa, Helsinki, Valencia, Brisbane, Warsaw, Minneapolis, Shanghai, Lyon, Adelaide, Edmonton, Marseille, Muscat, Athens, Stuttgart, Rio-De-Janeii, Baltimore, Auckland, Cologne, New-Orlean, Kuwait-City,  Kiev, Hanover, Perth, Minsk, Bucharest, Nashville, Dusseldorf, Manchester, Sacramento, Glasgow, Mexico-City, Salt-Lake-Ci, Raleigh, Cracow

GROUND FINIHSED MACHINED BARS 304

GROUND FINIHSED MACHINED BARS 304

Ground Bar Manufacturers, Ground Bar Suppliers, Ground Bar Exporters, Ground Bar traders, dealers, Manufacturers, Retailers, Producers of Electrical components and fittings 

Ground Bar Properties, Ground Bar Tolerances, Ground Bar Applications by Industry India.

Detailed Information:

RatnaExports.com Several sizes are available for immediate delivery, including standard and metric measurements in grades 1045, 4140HT, 303SS, and 316SS. We can also manufacture special sizes to meet your specifications. A precision ground steel sheet starts at 0.197″ (5mm) in diameter and goes up to 9″, with a typical length of 12 or 24 feet.

The ground’s highest degree of accuracy, concentricity, and straightness, and To achieve surface perfection, we use TG&P bars, which meet or exceed ASTM A108 standards. A standard bearing is typically suitable for TG&P, which usually produces an undersize of nominal.

The Ground begins with either a hot cast or cold drawn bar being turned in a lathe to remove the material. As a result, more than one pass may be necessary to reach the final size of the steel bar.

It is ground only to remove a small amount of the bar with a grinding wheel. With a polishing wheel, the bar is glistening and shiny.

The ground bar helps protect electrical appliances and equipment from bad weather conditions, such as electrical storms and high-voltage electrical shocks. Different electric circuits’ ground wires connect to the neutral bar. Because they are commonly seen in use, some stores sell neutral and ground bars together.

 There are a variety of materials for ground bars, but copper is the most commonly used. These ground bars are available in different thicknesses and lengths. They can be pre-drilled for a faster installation.

These pre-drilled holes cause extra money, but they are worth it. If you wish for the installation process to be even more straightforward, you have to purchase the necessary accessories, including clamps, cables, and brackets. Buying peace of mind with kits that include everything you need to install ground bars is possible.

Ground Bar Product Properties

Rough ground bar

Fine ground bar,

standard execution

Fine ground bar,

special execution

Size range

Ø 12 to 100 mm

Ø 12 to 100 mm

Ø 12 to 100 mm

Tolerances

≥ IT9

IT8

Down to IT6

Lengths

4 to 7 m

4 to 7 m

4 to 7 m

Surface smoothness

Max. Ra 5 µm

Ra 1.0 µm

Down to Ra 0.6 µm

Out OF roundness

Max. 50 % of the diameter tolerance,

measured as the difference in diameter

Max. 50 % of the diameter tolerance,

measured as the difference in diameter

Max. 50 % of the diameter tolerance,

measured as the difference in diameter

Straightness

0.5 mm/m

Down to 0.2 mm/m

Down to 0.1 mm/m

 

The diameter Tolerances

Metric Diameters

Dia – mm

ISO h6

ISO h7

ISO h8

ISO h9

ISO h10

ISO h11

1 < 3

0.006

0.010

0.014

0.025

0.040

0.060

3 < 6

0.008

0.012

0.018

0.030

0.048

0.075

6 < 10

0.009

0.015

0.022

0.036

0.058

0.090

10 < 18

0.011

0.018

0.027

0.043

0.070

0.110

18 < 30

0.013

0.021

0.033

0.052

0.084

0.130

30 < 50

0.016

0.025

0.039

0.062

0.100

0.160

50 < 80

0.019

0.030

0.046

0.074

0.120

0.190

80 < 120

0.022

0.035

0.054

0.087

0.140

0.220

120 < 180

0.063

0.100

0.160

0.250

180 < 250

0.072

0.115

0.185

0.290

250 < 275

0.081

0.130

0.210

0.320

Imperial Diameters

Dia – inches

ISO h6

ISO h7

ISO h8

ISO h9

ISO h10

ISO h11

0.039 < 0.118

0.00025

0.0004

0.0006

0.0010

0.0016

0.0024

0.118 < 0.236

0.0003

0.0005

0.0007

0.0012

0.0019

0.0030

0.236 < 0.393

0.0004

0.0006

0.0009

0.0014

0.0023

0.0035

0.393 < 0.707

0.0004

0.0007

0.0010

0.0016

0.0028

0.0043

0.707 < 1.181

0.0005

0.0008

0.0012

0.0020

0.0035

0.0051

1.181 < 1.969

0.0006

0.0010

0.0016

0.0025

0.0040

0.0063

1.969 < 3.150

0.0007

0.0012

0.0018

0.0030

0.0046

0.0075

3.150 < 4.724

0.0009

0.0014

0.0022

0.0035

0.0055

0.0087

4.724 < 7.087

0.0025

0.0039

0.0063

0.0098

7.087 < 9.843

0.0028

0.0045

0.0073

0.0114

9.843 <10.827

0.0031

0.0051

0.0083

0.0126

Documents:

  • Certificate of Origin legalized/attested by Chamber of Commerce or Embassy
  • Commercial Invoice, including HS Code
  • Packing List including the number of boxes, net weight, gross weight, Marks, and Numbers
  • Fumigation Certificates
  • Letter of guarantee
  • Material Test Certificates as per EN 10204 3.1, EN 10204 3.2
  • Test Certificates certifying NACE MR0103, NACE MR017
  • Raw Material Test Reports
  • Heat Treatment Charts
  • Welding Procedure Specification/Procedure Qualification Record, WPS/PQR
  • MATERIAL TRACEABILITY RECORDS
  • Quality Assurance Plan (QAP)
  • NABL-approved Laboratory Test Reports

    Testings (Destructive, Non Destructive):

    • Positive Material Identification – PMI Testing
    • Chemical Analysis – Spectro Analysis
    • Mechanical Testing Such as Tensile, Elongation, Reduction of Area
    • Micro Test
    • Macro Test
    • Hardness Test
    • Pitting Resistance Test
    • Intergranular Corrosion (IGC) Test
    • Flaring Test
    • Flattening Test

    Marking:

    • The test certificates we supply will align with all the product marking details.
    • When ordering cut pieces of Pipes, Sheets, or Round Bars, our mark is transferred from the product from which it is cut. In such cases, we provide a letter confirming the marking transfer and a photo of the product from which it is cut.

    Applications By Industry

    • Using a diameter difference as a measure

      • Piston Rods, Bolts, Crankshafts, Driveshafts, Feed Screws, Axles

      A difference in diameter

      • Piston Rods, Driveshafts, Crankshafts, Bolts, Feed Screws, Axles

      Infrastructure

      • Rolls, Journals, Bolts

      Fluid Handling 

      • Pump Shafts

      Machinery

      • Arbors, Journals, Spindles, Pins, Feed Screws

      Oil & Gas

      • Gears, Piston Rods, Multiple shaft applications

      Energy

      • Gears, Wind Turbine Shafts, Stub Shafts

      General Fabrication And Machining

      • Gears, Trunnion Wheels, Mandrels, Sockets, and Any application where a shaft is required

      Automotive & Transportation

      • Crankshafts, Driveshafts, Piston Rods, Wrist Pins, Stub Shafts, Axles, Torsion Bars

    Packing:

    • We understand the importance of packaging, especially in the case of international shipments, as the consignment has to go through some channels to reach the final destination; thus, we take proper care of packing.
    • Depending on the product, we pack our goods in different ways. We pack our products in the following ways:
    •  Shrink-wrapped
    • Wooden Boxes
    • Wooden Pallets
    • Wooden Crates
    • Carton boxes

    Countries We Export:

    Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua-Barbuda Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina-Faso, Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), Costa-Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia (Czech Republic), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini (fmr. “Swaziland”), Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine-State, Panama, Papua, New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

    Cities We Supply:

    London, New-York, Paris, Moscow, Tokyo, Dubai, Singapore, Barcelona, Los-Angeles, Madrid Rome, Chicago, Toronto, San-Francisco, Abu-Dhabi, St-Petersburg, Amsterdam, Berlin Prague, Washington,Istanbul, Las-Vegas, Doha, Seoul, Sydney, Beijing,  Miami, Munich, Milan, San-Diego, Bangkok, Vienna, Dublin, Vancouver, Boston,  Zurich,  Melbourne, Budapest, Houston, Seattle, Montreal, Hong-Kong, Frankfurt, Sao-Paulo, Tel-Aviv, Copenhagen, Calgary, Orlando, Atlanta, Dallas, Hamburg, Osaka, Lisbon, Austin, Phoenix Naples, Oslo, Denver, Stockholm, Riyadh, Delhi, Buenos Aires, San-Jose, Brussels, Portland Philadelphia, Ottawa, Helsinki, Valencia, Brisbane, Warsaw, Minneapolis, Shanghai, Lyon, Adelaide, Edmonton, Marseille, Muscat, Athens, Stuttgart, Rio-De-Janeii, Baltimore, Auckland, Cologne, New-Orlean, Kuwait-City,  Kiev, Hanover, Perth, Minsk, Bucharest, Nashville, Dusseldorf, Manchester, Sacramento, Glasgow, Mexico-City, Salt-Lake-Ci, Raleigh, Cracow

    PVD COLOURED SHEETS

    304 PVD Stainless Steel Sheets, Stainless Steel Rose Gold PVD sheets Stockist, Stainless Steel PVD Color Coated sheets, 304 Grade PVD Stainless Steel sheets, Gold No 8 Stainless Steel PVD TI Coated sheets Supplier, stainless steel PVD color coated sheets manufacturers, stainless steel PVD color coated sheets price in India, stainless steel PVD coated surface finish sheet dealers in Chennai, stainless steel designer PVD color coated sheets near me, stainless steel PVD coated sheets matte finish.

    Titanium PVD Coated Stainless Steel 304 Color sheets, Best Price of Stainless Steel PVD sheets, 316 PVD Coating Stainless Steel Sheet, Stainless Steel PVD TI Bead Blast finish, Titanium PVD Coated Stainless Steel 304 Color sheets, Stainless Steel Copper Finish PVD To Colour Coated sheets Stockist, stainless steel PVD coated sheet India, stainless steel PVD color coated sheets the UK, stainless steel designer PVD coating finish sheets stockist in India, stainless steel PVD coating surface finish sheet suppliers, stainless steel PVD color coated sheets suppliers in India, PVD color coated steel sheets, stainless steel PVD color coated sheets stockists.

    Detailed Information:

    A leading supplier, exporter, and designer of Stainless Steel PVD Color Coated sheets, Ratnaexports.com can provide these sheets in various thicknesses, sizes, and dimensions per our client’s requirements. Our company’s stainless sheets are available in various finishes, including mirrors, etched, hairline, and embossed sheets. With the latest technologies and modern machinery, our experienced professionals prepare these sheets to meet industry standards and user specifications.

    Besides this, with the help of our team of agile experts, we are also offering our clients a wide range of Decorative PVD Titanium Coated Stainless Steel sheets customers worldwide. Those who use conventional clients can obtain this sheet from us at very affordable prices. In addition to its strength, stainless steel can endure harsh climate conditions. It is corrosion-resistant and reliable under harsh temperatures. Under harsh temperatures, it provides the best quality of life. It has the best quality of life and efficiently uses under harsh temperatures. Aside from this, we also provide rose gold sheets with features such as anti-corrosive, hardened, and precise dimensions.

    It is also possible to obtain stainless steel sheets in brown, black, green, rose red, bronze, silver, and many other colors. These materials have many uses, including elevator doors, cladding, luxury interiors, ceiling walls, columns, pillars, and hotel lobby interiors. Our company often specializes in custom-made sheets with a pattern and logo tailored to your needs. We are selling sheets with an appealing structure. The sheets can be customized and used in many public places, such as railways, airports, hotels, banks, cinemas, bus shelters, and restaurants.

    What are the advantages of PVD-coated stainless steel?

    Durable PVD-coated stainless steel sheets. PVD-coated stainless steel sheets are used in commercial and domestic applications. With this unique process, product durability is improved, maintenance is reduced, and long-lasting beauty is guaranteed. The following are some of the most popular benefits popular.

     PVD coatings are ideal for kitchenware, bathroom fixtures, and home decor items. PVD coatings are extremely thin and virtually impossible to remove. They can be applied to several types of metals, including stainless steel, and can customize the color of stainless steel. PVD coatings can customize the color of stainless steel to resemble gold and rose gold.

    Specifications Of PVD Coloured sheets :

    Material Stainless Steel
    Coating Thickness 0.17μm~3.0μm
    Glossiness Degrees 600-700 GU
    Application Interior- Widely used for Ceiling / Counter / Column /Door/ Shop Front / Wall Panel / ELEVATOR
    Surface Protection PVC Coated
    Grade SUS 304
    Max Length ≦4000 mm
    Max Width ≦1500 mm
    Thickness 0.5-3.0 mm

     

    Available Sizes of PVD Coloured sheets:

    Grade

    Type

    Thickness

    750

    914

    1000

    1219

    1250

    1500

    1524

    304/304L

    sheet

    0.3~3.0

    316L

    sheet

    0.3~3.0

     

    430

    sheets

    0.3~3.0

     

    Types of Stainless Steel PVD Coloured sheets :

    • Stainless Steel PVD Colour Coated sheet
    • Stainless Steel PVD Coated Gold Colored Finish sheet
    • Designer SS 304 PVD Colour Coated Gold sheet
    • PVD Color Coated Stainless Steel Hot Rolled sheets
    • SS Colour Coated sheet
    • Stainless Steel PVD Coated sheets
    • Stainless Steel 316 PVD Coating Surface Finish sheets
    • PVD Coated Stainless Steel sheet
    • Stainless Steel PVD Color Coated sheet
    • Stainless Steel PVD Coating Finish sheet
    • Stainless Steel Designer PVD Color Coated sheet
    • SS 316 PVD Colour Coated sheet
    • SS PVD Colour Coated sheet
    • PVD Color Coated Stainless Steel sheets
    • PVD Color Coated Stainless Steel Cold Rolled sheets
    • PVD Colour Coated Stainless Steel sheets

      Technical Information

      PVD Coating Stainless Steel:

      1. What’s PVD coating

      This type of coating involves the physical vapor deposition of Titanium or Zirconium over stainless steel substrates in a vacuum chamber, which results in a colored film deposited on top of the stainless steel surface. Under normal interior or exterior conditions, the colored film could last for quite some time without fading.

      1. How it works

      A metal or alloy is vaporized using an electric arc from a solid (Cathode) to form a plasma vapor. The highly charged metal vapor is mixed with an inert gas such as argon to form an electrostatic field. Stainless steel sheets that are negatively charged are attracted to the positively charged plasma, which produces a colored metallic film on them. Unlike copper and brass, which fade and oxidize, the color does not fade or oxidize. As a result of modifying the temperature and mix of gases and elements that form a plasma, Top Honest can produce a wide range of colors for its coatings.

       

      1. Life Time Finish—PVD Coating

      Unlike traditional electroplating and other existing coatings, PVD coatings have several unique characteristics that make them ideal for decorating: high hardness and wear resistance, no discoloration or tarnishing, high corrosion resistance, and no UV radiation attack. Top Honest PVD coating stainless steel is one of the unique materials you can use for decoration:

      Packaging

      Packing Information of PVD Coloured sheets

      There can be no doubt that Ratnaexports.com products are packed and labeled following the regulations and with the customer’s specific requirements. Great care is taken to avoid any damage during storage or transportation.

      Applications of PVD Coloured sheets

      1. Building applications

      Column covers

      Elevator doors

      Escalators and moving wall cladding

      Ornamental and decorative cladding

      Hotel entrances

      Architectural trims and accents

      Telephone booth

      More

      1. Home fixture applications:

      Kitchen Appliances

      Cabinets

      Doors

      Mailboxes

      More

      1. Industrial fixtures applications:

      Medical instruments

      Electrical products

      Refrigerator

      Hardware

      More

      Features of PVD Coloured sheets

      Colored stainless steel is nontoxic, corrosion-resistant, abrasion-resistant, etc. Different illumination angles can produce a changeable color effect. At minus 200 degrees centigrade, the coated coating maintains its original properties. In addition, salt spray corrosion resistance is better than normal stainless steel.

      Stainless steel sheets are primarily used for decorative interior and exterior wall panels, ceilings, doors, windows, columns, staircase handrails, elevators, and roof tiles of ancient architecture. It can also make anti-corrosion equipment, plaques, advertising walls, boards, decorative patterns, instrument panels, and all vehicle decorations.

      Packaging and Transportation:

      Our company can provide these Stainless Steel Rose Gold Pvd sheets and others with good packaging services. Customers can get them in the required quantity from us. Our experts can wrap these sheets in boxes or else so that they remain safe from accidental damage and rusting.

      Countries We Export:

      Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua-Barbuda Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina-Faso, Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), Costa-Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia (Czech Republic), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini (fmr. “Swaziland”), Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine-State, Panama, Papua, New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

      Cities We Supply:

      London, New-York, Paris, Moscow, Tokyo, Dubai, Singapore, Barcelona, Los-Angeles, Madrid Rome, Chicago, Toronto, San-Francisco, Abu-Dhabi, St-Petersburg, Amsterdam, Berlin Prague, Washington,Istanbul, Las-Vegas, Doha, Seoul, Sydney, Beijing,  Miami, Munich, Milan, San-Diego, Bangkok, Vienna, Dublin, Vancouver, Boston,  Zurich,  Melbourne, Budapest, Houston, Seattle, Montreal, Hong-Kong, Frankfurt, Sao-Paulo, Tel-Aviv, Copenhagen, Calgary, Orlando, Atlanta, Dallas, Hamburg, Osaka, Lisbon, Austin, Phoenix Naples, Oslo, Denver, Stockholm, Riyadh, Delhi, Buenos Aires, San-Jose, Brussels, Portland Philadelphia, Ottawa, Helsinki, Valencia, Brisbane, Warsaw, Minneapolis, Shanghai, Lyon, Adelaide, Edmonton, Marseille, Muscat, Athens, Stuttgart, Rio-De-Janeii, Baltimore, Auckland, Cologne, New-Orlean, Kuwait-City,  Kiev, Hanover, Perth, Minsk, Bucharest, Nashville, Dusseldorf, Manchester, Sacramento, Glasgow, Mexico-City, Salt-Lake-Ci, Raleigh, Cracow

      IRSM 41-97 Sheets

      IRSM 41-97 Sheets

      IRSM-41-97 Corten Steel Sheets, A242 IRSM-41-97 Corrosion Resistant Steel Plate, Astm A242 IRSM-41-97 Hr Plates, IRSM-41-97 Weather Resistant Steel Plate, IRSM-41-97 Corten Steel Plates Supplier, IRSM-41-97 Weathering Structural Steel Plates Exporter, A242m Corten Steel Hot Rolled Plates Dealer, Corten Steel Plates Supplier In India.

      IRSM-41-97 Plates, IRSM-41-97 Corten Steel Plates, IRSM-41-97 Corten Steel Plates Distributor, IRSM-41-97 High-Strength Low-Alloy Structural Steel Plates, IRSM-41-97 Corten Steel Sheets Stockist, Astm A242 Corten IRSM-41-97 Plate, Corten Steel IRSM-41-97 Plates, A242 Corten Plates Stockist, IRSM-41-97 Steel Plates Stockist In India.

      Detailed Information:

       There are several reasons why Ratnaexports.com is the preferred manufacturer, exporter, and supplier of RSM 41 Plates and IRSM 97 Plates in this regard. The plates order in various sizes, shapes, grades, ranges, and specifications. They can also order following the specifications provided by the customer.

      This product comprises copper, nickel, and chromium alloys to combine IRSM and Corten steel, which have induced properties. They have many remote properties and a unique set of distance properties that make them unique in the industry. It is a highly efficient tool for a wide range of industrial applications.

      Aside from the fact that they are powerful, they are also very good at working with machines, their tolerances are incredibly tight, and their finishing is very soft. The tolerances on these products are very friendly. The finishes are very smooth. 

      Aside from its excellent corrosion resistance, it has a superior hardness overall. Since nickel is a component of alloys, it offers a high degree of corrosion resistance and a high degree of crack and stress resistance due to its high alloying properties. 

      Their many qualities make them famous for their durability, corrosion resistance, exact dimensions, and high levels of durability. They are also available with a very long working life. Their versatility makes them an excellent choice for a wide range of applications.

      Aside from these products being extremely useful in the industry, they also possess many other characteristics. It has already been proven that these products are very resilient, which is why they have been used in various industries for so long. Various testing schemes have been conducted on this product, including PMI, IGC, hardness, flattening, flaring, chemical testing, mechanical testing, etc. The product has also been subjected to other testing schemes in addition to these testing schemes. As part of our commitment to quality, we are also committed to ensuring that our IRSM-41-97 Corten Steel Plates adhere to several national and international standards, as part of our commitment to quality.

      There is no doubt that Ratnaexports.com is considered to be one of the top manufacturers and suppliers of IRSM 41-97 Plates in the world. The IRSM 41-97 standard was designed for Indian railways to protect wagon bodies from corrosion. It is an Indian standard for weather-resistant steel plates that meets the requirements of Indian railways to be corrosion-resistant steel plates. Our manufacturing unit produces steel plates that meet IRSM 41-97 standards using high-quality raw materials and well-equipped facilities.

      It is easy to weld the ISM 41-97 Weather Resistant Steel Plate, which is more vital than mild steel. As a result of its protective film that is developed by the IRSM 41-97 Plate due to its ability to mold into any shape and size that the client wishes, the IRSM 41-97 Plate develops a protective film against corrosion as a result of its flexibility.

      As a rule of thumb, it is highly recommended to use corrosion-resistant steel that complies with IRSM-41-97, as it forms a protective oxide film that adheres to the surface if left undisturbed and not disturbed for some time. The IRSM 41-97 steel plates are utilized in various types of constructions that are welded, bolted, and riveted structures. They are available from some of the most reliable suppliers in the industry and are necessary throughout the entire construction process. As a rule of thumb, it is highly recommended to use corrosion-resistant steel that complies with IRSM-41-97, as it forms a protective oxide film that adheres to the surface if left undisturbed and not disturbed for some time. As a rule of thumb, it is highly recommended to use corrosion-resistant steel that complies with IRSM-41-97, as it forms a protective oxide film that adheres to the surface if left undisturbed and not disturbed for some time. As a rule of thumb, it is highly recommended to use corrosion-resistant steel that complies with IRSM-41-97, as it forms a protective oxide film that adheres to the surface if left undisturbed and not disturbed for some time. As a rule of thumb, it is highly recommended to use corrosion-resistant steel that complies with IRSM-41-97, as it forms a protective oxide film that adheres to the surface if left undisturbed and not disturbed for some time. As a rule of thumb, it is highly recommended to use corrosion-resistant steel that complies with IRSM-41-97, as it forms a protective oxide film that adheres to the surface if left undisturbed and not disturbed for some time. As a rule of thumb, it is highly recommended to use corrosion-resistant steel that complies with IRSM-41-97, as it forms a protective oxide film that adheres to the surface if left undisturbed and not disturbed for some time.

       We aim to manufacture and fabricate these IRSM 41 Specifications using only the finest quality materials, such as steel and metal, to achieve the highest quality results. 

      The IRSM 41-97 plates are not only strong, but they are also easy to machine. They have a soft finish and a very tight tolerance, which are always characteristic of IRSM 41-97 plates. IRSM 41-97 k Steel is straightforward to resist cracking and stress corrosion due to its nickel content, making it very corrosion resistant. In addition to corrosion resistance, it has good resistance to rust in aqueous media and is corrosion resistant. In addition to being corrosion-proof, IRSM 41-97 Plate is also resistant to carburization, oxidation, and sulfation.

      How are IRSM 41-97 Steel Grade Plates different from other steel grades?

      We are an authorized dealer of IRSM 41-97 Steel Grade Plates metal in India. The number of people searching on Google for IRSM 41-97 Steel Grade Plates suppliers is increasing. We are the best choice for local suppliers, manufacturers, exporters, and IRSM 41-97 Steel Grade Plates traders.

      Also, the steel industry has several other questions that must address. As a supplier of IRSM 41-97 Steel Grade Plates, we are responsible for providing our clients with all the information they need to make informed decisions about the products they will order.

      Our company has the largest inventory of IRSM 41-97 steel-grade plates in all grades and thicknesses. Utilizing our products and services will leave you feeling satisfied.

      Besides the IRSM 41-97 Steel Grade Plates having many possible names, you will also be able to learn more about this steel grade by having access to IRSM 41 specifications, chemical compositions, and mechanical details, in addition to having access to IRSM 41 specifications. Various angles, sizes, thicknesses, and shapes are available for IRSM 41-97 Steel Grade Plates so that they can meet the highest expectations of customers in the field.

      Many top business listing websites and social media platforms will have us listed. Besides newsletters and blog posts, we send our customers the latest steel-grade information via email, social media, and other media. For our clients to know how much steel they will need for their current and upcoming projects. We are always available to handle your purchase queries and to provide you with the best in the market. We are also available on WhatsApp, email, and mobile.

      IRSM 41-97 Sheets Specifications

      Standard : ASTM A588, A242, EN 10027-1, CR 10260 & IRSM

      Material : Corten A , Corten B , S235J0W , S235J2W , S355J0WP , S355J0W , S355J2W , S355K2W , A588 Grade A , A588 Grade B , A588 Grade C , A242 Type 1 , A 588 Gr. K, A 242 Type-2, IRSM-41

      Thickness: 0.3-500mm

      Width: 1000-3500 mm

      Length: 1000 – 12000 mm

      Production: Hot-Rolled (HR) / Cold-Rolled (CR)

      Surface: Black painted, PE coated, Galvanised, color coated, anti rust varnished, anti rust oiled, chequered, etc

       

      Chemical Composition of IRSM 41-97 Sheets

      Weather resistant steel

      C

      Mn

      P

      S

      Si

      Cr

      Ni

      Mo

      Cu

      Fe

      IRSM-41

      0.1

      0.25-0.45

      0.075-0.14

      0.03

      0.28-0.72

      0.30-0.60

      0.20-0.49

      0.30-0.60

      Mechanical Properties Of IRSM 41-97 Sheets

      Grade

      Standard

      Tensile Strength MPa

      Yield Strength MPa

      Elongation in 2 inches (min.) %

      IRSM 41-97

      Indian Railways

                480 min

            340 min

                          22 min

      IRSM 41-97 Sheets Equivalent Grades

      Atmospheric Corrosion

      Resistant Steel

      Steel Grade

      Material No.

      TKS Standard

      INDIAN Standard

      EN 10025

      ASTM Standard

      Weathering Steel A*

      IRSM 41-97

      S355JOWP

      ASTM A 242

      TYPE 1

      1.8946

       

      Types Of IRSM 41-97 Sheets

      Corten IRSM 41-97 Plates

      Corten Steel IRSM 41-97 Sheets

      Corten IRSM 41-97 Plates

      Corten IRSM 41-97 ASTM 588 Steel Sheets

      Corten Steel IRSM 41-97 Plates

      Corten Steel IRSM 41-97 Plates

      Corten IRSM 41-97 Steel Sheets

      Corten IRSM 41-97 Corrosion Resistance Steel Plates

      Corten Steel IRSM 41-97 strip-mill Plate

      ASTM A588 IRSM 41-97 Corten Steel Plates

      Corten IRSM 41-97 ASTM A588 Strip-mill sheets

      ASTM A588 Corten Steel IRSM 41-97 Cold Rolled Plates

      Pressure Vessel Corten IRSM 41-97 Steel Plates

      Corten Steel IRSM 41-97 Boiler Quality Plates

      ASTM A588 Corten Steel IRSM 41-97 High Tensile Plates

      Corten IRSM 41-97 ASTM A588 Structural Steel Plates

      Corten IRSM 41-97 Steel Plates Distributors

      High Tensile Corten Steel IRSM 41-97 Plates

      A 588 High Strength Low Corten IRSM 41-97 Steel Plate

      ASTM A588 Corten IRSM 41-97 Abrasion Resistant Steel Plates

      Corten IRSM 41-97 ASTM A588 Hot Rolled Steel Plates Stockiest

      ASTM A588 Pressure Vessel IRSM 41-97 Corten Steel Plates

      A588 IRSM 41-97 Corten Steel Plates Stockholder

      Corten IRSM 41-97 Abrasion Resistant Steel Plates Exporter

      Corten IRSM 41-97 ASTM A588 Structural Steel Plate, Suppliers

      A588 IRSM 41-97 Corten Steel Plates Manufacturer

       

      IRSM 41-97 Sheets Application Industries

      • Architecture
      • Sculpture
      • Structural works
      • Industrial chimneys
      • Freight wagons
      • Silos
      • Bolted & Riveted Constructions
      • Bridges
      • Exhaust Systems
      • Vehicles and Equipment Constructions

      Countries We Export:

      Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua-Barbuda Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina-Faso, Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), Costa-Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia (Czech Republic), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini (fmr. “Swaziland”), Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine-State, Panama, Papua, New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

      Cities We Supply:

      London, New-York, Paris, Moscow, Tokyo, Dubai, Singapore, Barcelona, Los-Angeles, Madrid Rome, Chicago, Toronto, San-Francisco, Abu-Dhabi, St-Petersburg, Amsterdam, Berlin Prague, Washington,Istanbul, Las-Vegas, Doha, Seoul, Sydney, Beijing,  Miami, Munich, Milan, San-Diego, Bangkok, Vienna, Dublin, Vancouver, Boston,  Zurich,  Melbourne, Budapest, Houston, Seattle, Montreal, Hong-Kong, Frankfurt, Sao-Paulo, Tel-Aviv, Copenhagen, Calgary, Orlando, Atlanta, Dallas, Hamburg, Osaka, Lisbon, Austin, Phoenix Naples, Oslo, Denver, Stockholm, Riyadh, Delhi, Buenos Aires, San-Jose, Brussels, Portland Philadelphia, Ottawa, Helsinki, Valencia, Brisbane, Warsaw, Minneapolis, Shanghai, Lyon, Adelaide, Edmonton, Marseille, Muscat, Athens, Stuttgart, Rio-De-Janeii, Baltimore, Auckland, Cologne, New-Orlean, Kuwait-City,  Kiev, Hanover, Perth, Minsk, Bucharest, Nashville, Dusseldorf, Manchester, Sacramento, Glasgow, Mexico-City, Salt-Lake-Ci, Raleigh, Cracow

      CORTEN STEEL SHEETS

      Corten Steel Sheet, CORTEN Sheets, ASTM A242 Weathering Steel Sheets, Corten Steel Sheet Stockist in Mumbai, Corten Steel Sheets Supplier Worldwide.

      AISI Corten Steel Sheets, Corten Steel Sheets, Corten Steel Corrosion Resistant Sheets, Corten Sheets, Corten Steel Sheets, Corrosion Resistant Corten Steel Sheets Exporter, Corten Steel Suppliers Worldwide.

      Detailed Information:

      Ratnaexportes.com are one of the leading Manufacturers, Suppliers and Exporters of high quality corten steel plates and sheets Worldwide. Corten Steel Plates & Sheets are used in highly corrosive environments. Corten steel is weathering steel. In particular, in situations where untreated alloys are required, it can be used because of its high strength and longer life cycle. Using this material, you will be able to protect your steel from additional corrosion if you leave it uncoated. It is a corrosion-resistant steel that develops an outer layer patina if left uncoated. We can provide these in customised sizes and specifications as per the requirement of our clients Standard ASTM, ASME & Other equivalent specifications. 

      The Corten Steel plates and sheets we offer are widely used in a variety of industries, including construction, sugar mills, chemical plants, fertiliser plants, power plants, architectural projects, and other process-oriented industries. At RatnaExports.com Center, we offer a wide range of corten steel plates, corten steel sheets, and corten steel panels that come in a variety of sizes, grades, specifications, dimensions, and thicknesses as per the client’s specifications at the lowest and best price. As a renowned supplier and stockist of Corten Steel Plates, we are able to supply these corten steel sheets in different shapes and forms, such as plates, cladding walls, panels, facades, sheets, wall panels, etc.

      RatnaExports.com is the trading home for Corten Steel Sheet. Corten steel is also known as weathering steel and has a cloudy appearance because of its cloudy colour. In the presence of corrosive environments, it creates an outer layer of oxidation, which protects the support metal. The color provided to the customer is silver. You can choose from a wide range of cut sizes, specifications, standards, dimensions, shapes, or thicknesses for these sheets. A hot and cold rolling process is used to produce these sheets.

      There are many manufacturers of Corten Steel Sheets, but RatnaExports.com is the best in the business, designing and implementing them in accordance with (International Quality Standards). Corten Steel Is Also Known As Weathering Steel. Corten Steel Is Also Referred To As Cor-Ten Steel. Corten Steel Is A Type Of Alloy Steel Having A Stable Rust Like Appearance When It Is Exposed To The Weather. The Corten Steel Is Generally Known For Its High Tensile Strength And Corrosion Resistance Properties.

      It is known that Corten steel sheets have a wide range of uses in architecture. The Corten Steel Sheets we manufacture are specifically designed for steel factories, petrochemical industries, fire protection systems, chemical industries, shipping/shipping industries, etc. We are one of the leading manufacturers of Corten Steel Sheets.

      Corten Steel Sheets Specifications

       

      Specifications ASTM A242/ ASME SA242
      Dimensions ASTM, ASME and API
      Standard JIS, AISI, ASTM, GB, DIN, EN, etc.
      Width 750mm to 1500mm
      Thickness  0.8mm to 50mm
      Length upto 12,000mm

       

      Corten Steel Sheets Chemical Composition

       

      Grade

      CORTEN A

      CORTEN B

      %C

      0.12

      0.16

      %Si

      0.25-0.75

      0.3–0.5

      %MN

      0.20-0.50

      0.80-1.25

      %P

      0.07-0.15

      0.035

      %S

      0.030

      0.030

      %CR

      0.50-1.25

      0.40-0.65

      %Cu

      0.25-0.55

      0.25-0.40

      >%V

      0.02-0.10

      %NI

      0.65

      0.40

      Corten Steel Sheets Of Mechanical Properties

       

      Element

      CORTEN-A

      CORTEN B

      Minimum yield point ReH Mpa *)

      345

      345

      Tensile strength Rm MPa

      485

      485

      Minimum elongation A (Lo=5.65 √So) %

      20

      19

      Corten Steel Sheet Of Features

      • Fabricability/ weldability/ formability
      • Pitting/ crevice/ stress cracking resistance
      • Good Cryogenic temperature
      • Resistance to abrasion/ corrosion/ oxidation
      • Thermal stability
      • Uniform design
      • Good surface finish
      • Precise dimensions
      • Sturdy design/ durability

       

      In order to maintain quality, manufacturers test each batch according to set industrial standards. The tests include:

       

      • Tests that are destructive or non-destructive
      • Test for flattening and flaring
      • Corrosion test between intergranular surfaces
      • mechanical/ tensile test
      • Tests with chemicals and spectroscopy
      • Test of micro-macro scale
      • ultrasonic test
      • radiographic test
      • Material test results that are positive
      • Test of visual inspection
      • Inspection by a third party

      Corten Steel Sheet Application

      The COR-TEN product is produced by strip mills. The ASTM Corten standard is commonly used to manufacture containers, rolling stock, oil rigs, harbor construction, oil platforms, and other structural parts containing hydrogen sulfide that are corroded in petrochemical equipment. As a result of its chemical composition, COR-TEN has been designed to offer a relative level of resistance to atmospheric corrosion, especially in urban environments. As a result, it can be used without painting; in such a case, a thin layer of stable oxides will be formed inside of the pipe, preventing further corrosion from occurring.

      In Corten, copper, chrome, and nickel are alloyed together to create weather-resistant steel. In addition to this, Corten has added phosphorous which makes the material best suited for gas flue applications and for aesthetic facials. Corten is not recommended for heavy load-bearing applications – you should consider Corten B or S355J2W instead.

      As a result of the top layer of Corten A reacting with atmospheric pollutants, a rust-colored protective layer forms, which not only makes the steel virtually maintenance-free but also provides a pleasing and consistent appearance.

      As a result of the mechanical characteristics of this steel as well as its resistance to atmospheric corrosion, this steel can be used in the fabrication of agricultural vehicles and railway wagons, bridges, water pipes, fans, chimneys, boilers, and outdoor sculptures.

      Countries We Export:

      Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Andorra, Angola, Antigua-Barbuda Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei, Bulgaria, Burkina-Faso, Burundi, Côte d’Ivoire, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Comoros, Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), Costa-Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czechia (Czech Republic), Democratic Republic of the Congo, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Eswatini (fmr. “Swaziland”), Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Holy See, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, North Korea, North Macedonia, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Palestine-State, Panama, Papua, New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, Sao Tome and Principe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, South Korea, South Sudan, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, United States of America, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe.

      Cities We Supply:

      London, New-York, Paris, Moscow, Tokyo, Dubai, Singapore, Barcelona, Los-Angeles, Madrid Rome, Chicago, Toronto, San-Francisco, Abu-Dhabi, St-Petersburg, Amsterdam, Berlin Prague, Washington,Istanbul, Las-Vegas, Doha, Seoul, Sydney, Beijing,  Miami, Munich, Milan, San-Diego, Bangkok, Vienna, Dublin, Vancouver, Boston,  Zurich,  Melbourne, Budapest, Houston, Seattle, Montreal, Hong-Kong, Frankfurt, Sao-Paulo, Tel-Aviv, Copenhagen, Calgary, Orlando, Atlanta, Dallas, Hamburg, Osaka, Lisbon, Austin, Phoenix Naples, Oslo, Denver, Stockholm, Riyadh, Delhi, Buenos Aires, San-Jose, Brussels, Portland Philadelphia, Ottawa, Helsinki, Valencia, Brisbane, Warsaw, Minneapolis, Shanghai, Lyon, Adelaide, Edmonton, Marseille, Muscat, Athens, Stuttgart, Rio-De-Janeii, Baltimore, Auckland, Cologne, New-Orlean, Kuwait-City,  Kiev, Hanover, Perth, Minsk, Bucharest, Nashville, Dusseldorf, Manchester, Sacramento, Glasgow, Mexico-City, Salt-Lake-Ci, Raleigh, Cracow